Heat-exchanging apparatus



- v 1,464,705 K i J. c. GoosMANN HEAT- `EXCHANGING APPARATUS Filed Aug. 24. 1921 y ,Ml 'A designed that the fluid to be Patented Aug. 14, 1923.

UNITED STATES PAT JUST'US C. GOQSMANN, 0F PEORIA,

ILLIN 01S.

a iin Lmia'r-iixorraireiuter APPARATUS.

Application filed August 24, 1921.

To aZZ whom z't may concern.'

B e it known that I, J UsTUs C. GoosMANN, a citizen of the United States, residing at Peoria, in the county of Peoria andState of Illinois, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Heat-Exchanging Apparatus, of which the following is a speciication. l

This invention relates in general to heat exchanging apparatus, and' more particularly to an apparatus for transferring heat from one medium to another. While my invention is capable of use for many purposes, it is particularly adapted in the form herein shown for use in refrigerating systems as a condenser, and it may be also used in such systems as a brine cooler if desired.

One of the primary objects of this invention is to provide an apparatus of the character indicated which will be elicient in operation, and with this-end in view, it is so cooled will 'be coils s'o, as to distributed over the cooling exchange of facilitate and expedite the heat.

Another purpose is to so construct and arrange the coils that a large number of feet .of cooling surface can be secured in a relatively small chamber, thus enabling the attainment of large capacity in an apparatus of relatively small dimensions.

Another object of the invention is to provide an apparatus which will be strong and durable and not subject to leakage under pressure, but which can be readily disassembled to permit access tothe coils when desirable.

A further object is to provide an apparatus which will be simple in construction and economical to manufacture, one which will occupy but a small amount of space in proportion to its capacity, and one which will be durable and satisfactory in use..

Other objects andl many of the advantages of my invention should be readily appreciated as the saine becomes better understood by reference tothe following description, when considered in connection with the accompanying drawings. i

Referring to the drawings:

Fig. 1 is avertical sectional view through an apparatus embodying my invention; and

Fig. 2 is an end view of the coils.

On the drawings, reference character 3 indicates generally a cylindrical casing forining a chamber, in which the cooling coils with hard solder 5. Th

serial No. 494,762.A

and other apparatus, are dis osed. The lower end of this casing is interiorly threaded to accommodate a plug 4 forming the bottom of the chamber, and leakage around the plug is prevented by filling in the groove be-` tween the bottom of the casing and the plug e lower end of the casing is strengthened by a heavy ring 6 which is shrunk onto the ca'sing, and the whole structure is mounted in a suitable standard or base 7, comprising an upwardly extending split flange 8 adapted to surround the casing, and in which the casing is clampedby bolts 9.

The bottom plug 4 is provided with passages 11 and 12', forming the inlet and outlet to the chamber. When the apparatus is used as a condenser, the fluid (such as carbonio acid gas) which is delivered under pressure from a compressor, a fragment of which is lndicated by1 reference character 10, is conducted through a pipe 13 to the passage 11 from which it is delivered into the chamber near the top thereof by a vertically disposed pipe 14. The liquid accumulating in the bottom of the chamber enters the passage 12 through a radially perforated pipe 15A projecting a limited distance into the chamber and is delivered to the expansion coils or other point of use through a delivery pipe 16.

The bottom plug 4c is also provided with a centrally disposed opening through which the pipe 17 projects. The` upper end of the pipe is connected with the coils as will be later explained, and the lower end has threaded thereon a nut or ring 18. Leakage around the pipe 17 is precluded by a packing ring 19 preferably made of type metal. round thenut 18, and leakage between the head and the nut is guarded against by a packing ring 22 preferably of vulcanized fibre. A plurality of bolts 23 passed through the head and threaded into tapped openings 2/1 inthe bottom 4 are utilized to'draw the head toward the bottom, thus compressing the packing rings 19 and 22, so as to in- Sure leak proof joints at the bottom of the apparatus.

The cooling liquid, such as water, for instance, in a refrigerating system is delivered to the bottom of the apparatus from a supply pipe 25 which is connected throughv an elbow 26 with the head 2 1. The liquid is supplied to this pipe from any suitable source through a pipe 20 and has lconnected A hollow head 21 is adapted to sur-l WCS tci;

'cooling fluid will thereto a discharge pipe 27 equipped with a shut o f valve 23 and in normal operation of the apparatus the valve 29 in an eXten-V sion of pipe 25 yis opened and valve 28 is closed to insure flow o wardly into the apparatus.

The upper end of the pipe 17 is connected with a header 30, best shown in Fig. 2, and one end of this header is directly connected with the end of a coil 31 while the opposite end is branched, providing the oppositely extending branches 32 and 33 which are respectively connected with the coils 34 and 35. lt will thus be apparent that the cooling liquid is supplied through the header to three coils, which are arranged within the casing 3. in order to insure a substantially equal ilow of fluid through each of these coils, it is necessary that they be of substantially the same length, and in order to accomplish this result, two of the coils each.

comprise a large and a small portion. Referring now to the drawings, it will be observed th'at the coil 34 which einanates from the branch `32, is of uniform diameter throughout its length and is interposed between the coils 31 and 35 in the casing. Coil 31 is of sufficiently reduced diameter throughout its lower portion to be disposed inside the coil 34, but its upper portion is considerably larger in diameter so as to be disposed outside the coil 34. Coil 35 on the other hand has a lower portion suf'rlciently large to be disposed outside the coil 34 but its upper portion is reduced in diameter so as to be disposed within the coil 34. With this construction and coils, the aggregate lineal length of the three coils is substafrlitially equal so that the ow coils without tendency to short circuit through one of them, as would be the case if one coil were shorter than the others. At their upper ends the coils are connected through a header 36, similar in construction to the lower header 30 and delivery from the header is effected through apipe 37 to a delivery pipe 38. The packings and connections between pipes 37 and 38 are substantially similar in structure to those employed at the bottom of the apparatus, which have been previously explained.v The top of the casing 3 is closed by a cap 39 grooved at 41 to receive the upper edge of the casing, which is forced against a copper gasket 40 when the cap is threaded onto the casing as shown in Fig. 1. To further ensure against leaka e a packing ring 42 Ais disposed in a suita le seat betweenthe 'casing and the lower edge of the cap and a compression Yring 43 is adapted to compress this packing ring when the fastening bolts 44 are drawn tight. When my apparatus is used as a condenser in a refrigerating system,

the @Oling the cooling liquid uparrangeinent of,

through all of the l ricerca water is admitted to the lower ends of the ing upwardly through the coils, it is discharged through the pipe 37. T he coils besubstantially equal len h, the'cooldistributed among them in its flow through the apparatus and the nesting of the coils made Apossible by their shape, as previously explained, enables themV to be compactly arranged so that maximum cooling surface is provided in a small amount of space. IThe carbonio acid gas, or other fluid to be cooled, is delivered through pipe 13 into the pipe 14 which projects upwardly to a point near the upper end of the casing 3 where it is provided with radially disposed perforationsor openings 45 through which the duid is discharged in a radial direction over and in contact with the surrounding coils. This distribution oi ingof ing liquid will be evenly the fluid over the coils enables the superheat of the fluid to be quickly absorbed and greatly expedites the cooling of the fluid, which flows downwardly over and in contact with the coils to the bottom of the chamber where it is collected. Since the cooling liquid flows upwardly in the coils and the liquid fluid to be cooled flows downwardly around the coils, it will be apparent that a counterdow between the cooling and cooled fluids is secured, which is most suitable to heat exchange and renders the apparatus highly eiiicient. The cooled fluid collected in the bottom of the chamber is delivered through the pipes 15 and 16 to an exansion valve or other point of use.

lVhen the apparatus is to be used as a brine cooler, it is preferable to reverse the flow, and Ain this instance, the pipe 15 delivers the liquid carbonio acid through the perforations therein into the chamber around the coils where it is evaporated and flows out as a gas through the pipe 14, while the brine to be cooled flows downwardly through the coils inv a counter-direction to the carbonio low, the brine being delivered to the coils through the pipe 37 and from the coils through the pipe 17. Pipe 15 may also be provided with apertures to cause the delivery ofthe refrigerating medium radially therefrom and into Contact 'with the surrounding that the refrigerating medium may be conducted through the coils and the brine or water as the c ase may be, may flow through the casing around the coils in a counter-direction to the flow of the medium. In order to provide for a reverse flow of a liquid' coils. 'It should be obvious also I through the coils for purposes of cleaning the sa'me, the pipes fect this result valve 29 is closed as is alsom said , combination of receptacle, va plurality ofcooling coils nested Amaximum cooling lvalve 3Q in pipe 38, while valve 50 in pipe 46 and valve 28 in del thus permitting the coils.

My apparatus is' designed to be operable under ressure without liability of leakage, and W ile containing ivery pipe 27 are opened reverse flow through the disassembled to permit of the cooling access to the interior chamber whenever the same `may be re uired. The coils are so constructed an arranged that they provide a surface in a minimum amount of space, thus providing a high cooling capacity in a relatively small cham,- ber, and the counteriiow between the cooling 'liquids and. the fluid to bc'cooled further cooling action so that the apfacilitates the paratus is highly eiiicient in its operation.

lt is believed that my invention and man of its inherent advantages will be readily appreciated from the foregoing without further description and while I have shown and described a preferred embodiment, obviously the details thereof may be varied within considerable limits without departing from the essence of the invention as defined in the following claims.

I claim:

1. n a heat exchanging apparatus, the combination of a closed receptacle, a plurality of coaxially disposed cooling coils of substantially equal lengths arranged means for distributing the fluid to over said coils, and an outlet fr ceptacle.

2. In a heat exchanging apparatus, the combination of a closed receptacle, a pluralltygtilmternested coils of substantially equal en upwardly from the bottom of said receptacle within said coils and having provision at its upper end for distributing the fluid to be cooled over said coils, and means for delivering the cooled fluid from the bottom of receptacle.

3. ln a heat exchanging apparatus, the combmatlon of a vert'cally disposed closed receptacle, a plurality of co-axially disposed m said re-A `oo ilsof substantially equal length arranged wlthlnsaid receptacle, means for distributing the liuid to be cooled over said coils near t e upper end thereof, and means for delivering the cooled liquid fromthe bottom of said'receptacle.

4. In a heat exchanging apparatus. the a vertically disposed closed together and.. co-axiall disposed within said receptacle, said coi s-being of substantially equal length, headers'connected to the upper and lower ends of said coils, means for distributing the iiuid to be cooled over said Meegos `ranged therein with the tight joints at all points, is so constructed that it may be readlly therein, v be cooled arranged therein, a pipe extending l1 coils, and means for delivering the cooled duid from the receptacle.-

5. In a heat exchanging apparatus, the combination of a closed receptacle, coils comprising large and small portions arsmall portion of each coil nested within the large portion et' another coil, said coils being of substantially equal length, headers connected with the ends of said coils, and means for delivering tluidto be cooledto said receptacle.

lin a heat exchanging apparatus, the combination of a closed receptacle, three cooling coils disposed .-therein, one of said coils being of substantially equal diameter from end to end and the other coils each coinprising a portion of larger diameter than the intermediate coil disposed around saidvintermediate coil, and a smaller portion disy posed within said intermediate coil. headers connecting the ends ,of all of said coils, means for distributing` fluid to be cooled over said coils, and means for discharging the cooled iuid from the receptacle.

In a heat exchanging apparatus, the combination lof a plurality of coaxially disosed internested coils ofsubstantially equal ength, means for delivering av cooling medium through saidcoils, and means for de llivering medium to 'be cooled over` said co1 s.

8j. In a heat exchanging apparatus, the combination of a cylindrical casing provided at its upper end with a removable cap, a plug forming the bottom of said cas-V ing, a-ring shrunk onto the lower end of the casing, a pipe extending through said plug, a pipe extending through said cap, a plurality of coils disposed within said casing, and eaders connected with said pipes and with said coils.

9. In a heat exchanging apparatus, the combination of a cylindrical casing provided at its upper end with a removable cap, a closure for the lower end of'said casing, a plurality of coils disposed within the casing, a pipe extending through said closure and lcommunicating with the interior of said coils, and inlet and outlet passages through said closurel communicating with the interior of said casing around the coils.

10. In a heat exchanging apparatus, the combination of a closed receptacle, cooling coils arranged therein, supply and delivery pipes entering said chamber through the bottom thereof, 'supply and delivery pipes for'said coils entering said chamber through the ends thereof, headers connectingk said pipes withsaid coils, and a cross-connectlng pipe connecting the aforementioned pipes through which the How of the liquid in said coils may be reversed'.

JUSTUS C. GOUSMANN.

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